Mitigating voltage losses in photoelectrochemical cell scale-up

Mitigating Disaster Losses through Insurance

Losses from natural disasters have increased in recent years due to growth of population in hazard-prone areas and inadequate enforcement of building codes. This article first examines why homeowners have not voluntarily adopted cost-effective protective measures and have limited interest in purchasing insurance. It then proposes a disaster-management program which utilizes insurance coupled wi...

Mitigating Losses from Climate Change through Insurance

Climate change potentially amplifies catastrophe risks by raising the magnitude and frequency of certain extreme events in the long term. Its crucial feature is irreversibility. The availability and affordability of insurance will also be diminished in the presence of climate change. Weather losses can be mitigated by actions of the policyholder; however, the private returns from many mitigatio...

Production Scale Up of Nanofibers: A Review

Analysis of Losses in Open Circuit Voltage for an 18-μm Silicon Solar Cell

An 18 μm thin crystalline silicon solar cell was demonstrated, and its best open circuit voltage is 642.3 mV. However, this value is far from the cell’s theoretical upper limit in an ideal case. This paper explores the open circuit voltage losses of the thin silicon solar cell, starting from the ideal case, through first principle calculation and experiments. The open circuit voltage losses com...

Improved Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Based TNEP Considering Network Losses, Voltage Level, and Uncertainty in Demand

Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) is an important component of power system planning. Itdetermines the characteristics and performance of the future electric power network and influences the powersystem operation directly. Different methods have been proposed for the solution of the static transmissionnetwork expansion planning (STNEP) problem till now. But in all of them, STNEP pr...